In 2017, Michelle Limenta, Director of Universitas Pelita Harapan Center for International Trade & Investment (UPH-CITI), published a paper titled WTO Retaliation: Effectiveness and Purposes, which critically assessed the utility of WTO-authorized retaliation not merely as a means of enforcement but also as a mechanism to restore balance and incentivize compliance in international trade relations. She argued that retaliation serves broader systemic functions beyond economic compensation, including signaling dissatisfaction and maintaining credibility within the multilateral trading system.