{"id":1055,"date":"2017-02-23T13:13:55","date_gmt":"2017-02-23T13:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/?p=1055"},"modified":"2025-06-26T14:18:38","modified_gmt":"2025-06-26T14:18:38","slug":"wto-retaliation-effectiveness-and-purposes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/index.php\/2017\/02\/23\/wto-retaliation-effectiveness-and-purposes\/","title":{"rendered":"WTO Retaliation: Effectiveness and Purposes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\"  class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WTO-Retaliation_-Effectiveness-and-Purposes.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of WTO Retaliation_ Effectiveness and Purposes.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-6ec65366-6f41-4a7a-85db-92b6c93ba068\" href=\"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WTO-Retaliation_-Effectiveness-and-Purposes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WTO Retaliation_ Effectiveness and Purposes<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2017, Michelle Limenta, Director of Universitas Pelita Harapan Center for International Trade &amp; Investment (UPH-CITI), published a paper titled <em>WTO Retaliation: Effectiveness and Purposes<\/em>, which critically assessed the utility of WTO-authorized retaliation not merely as a means of enforcement but also as a mechanism to restore balance and incentivize compliance in international trade relations. She argued that retaliation serves broader systemic functions beyond economic compensation, including signaling dissatisfaction and maintaining credibility within the multilateral trading system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 2017, Michelle Limenta, Director of Universitas Pelita Harapan Center for International Trade &amp; Investment (UPH-CITI), published a paper titled [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publications"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"CITI UPH","author_link":"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/index.php\/author\/citi-uph\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"In 2017, Michelle Limenta, Director of Universitas Pelita Harapan Center for International Trade &amp; Investment (UPH-CITI), published a paper titled [&hellip;]","rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"CITI UPH","author_link":"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/index.php\/author\/citi-uph\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/index.php\/category\/publications\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Publications<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"In 2017, Michelle Limenta, Director of Universitas Pelita Harapan Center for International Trade &amp; Investment (UPH-CITI), published a paper titled [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1055"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1055"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1055\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1072,"href":"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1055\/revisions\/1072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/citi.uph.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}